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Warwick Films was the name of a film company founded by film producers Irving Allen and Albert R. Broccoli in London in 1951. The name was taken from the Warwick Hotel in London.〔Broccoli, Albert R. & Zec, Donald ''When the Snow Melts'' Boxtree 1998〕 Their films were released throughout the world by Columbia Pictures. ==History and productions== The reason for the creation of Warwick Films was a successful combination of several economic factors in the 1950s. * American film companies were forbidden by the Marshall Plan to take their film profits in the form of foreign exchange out of European countries. * To use these profits in Britain, film companies would set up production companies using the required amount of British film technicians and actors to qualify as British productions in order to take advantage of the Eady Levy. * At the same time Americans working outside the USA for 510 days during a period of 18 months would not be taxed on their earnings by the Internal Revenue Service. Though this scheme was developed for the aid of American humanitarian workers redeveloping nations destroyed in World War II, agents discovered that Hollywood actors, directors and screenwriters would qualify for the tax break by working outside the USA for the same period.〔(309 F.2d 51 )〕 * Albert R. Broccoli, who wanted to become a producer and Irving Allen who had both produced and directed several films discovered that they would have more creative freedom and control over their films by being based outside Hollywood.〔 * British labour and thespians were not only of high quality but also more economical to use than the conditions and salaries set by American film unions. Columbia Pictures agreed to match Allen and Broccoli's funding dollar for dollar; in other words for every dollar/pound the producers raised, Columbia would provide the same amount.〔Walker, Alexander ''Hollywood U.K.: The British Film Industry in the Sixties'' Stein and Day Publishers 1974〕 Broccoli was a former agent who knew that Alan Ladd had left Paramount Pictures over monetary disputes. Ladd and Sue Carol, his agent and wife agreed to a three picture contract with Warwick Films on condition that Ladd's personal screenwriter Richard Maibaum co-write the films.〔 Their first film based on a best selling book was ''The Red Beret'' (1953) that was titled ''Paratrooper'' in the USA. Based on Operation Biting and economically filmed with Parachute Regiment extras at their installations in England and Wales, the film cost US$700,000 to make and grossed US$8 million worldwide〔p.55 Chapman, James ''Licence to Thrill: A Cultural History of the James Bond Films'' Columbia University Press 2001〕 leading to more Warwick films. Warwick made their first Cinemascope film Jose Ferrer's ''The Cockleshell Heroes'' a story of the Royal Marines based on Operation Frankton filmed at RM establishments and in Portugal in 1955. In 1956 Warwick negotiated producing nine films in three years for a cost of £6 million for Columbia Pictures. Warwick also arranged the shooting of several 30 minute films for television that would advertise Warwick's cinema releases.〔p. 129 Harper, Sue and Porter, Vincent ''British Cinema of the 1950s: The Decline of Deference'' Oxford University Press 2003〕 At the end of 1956 it was announced they would make thirteen films for a total of $18 million.〔'13 Productions on Schedule of Warwick Films', ''Los Angeles Times'' 12 December 1956: C10〕 Warwick later took advantage of an Empire development scheme that provided British grants to producers who filmed on location in British Commonwealth nations. The company filmed in Kenya (''Safari'' and ''Odongo'' (1956) were scripted and cast in five weeks in order to shoot them back to back on location),〔 Trinidad and Tobago (''Fire Down Below'' (1957)) and India (''Zarak'' (1956)). Warwick also filmed in non Commonwealth nations such as Portugal and Morocco that had suitable climates for outdoor filming and low costs. Despite the worldwide success of their films, Warwick had to limit the cost of their films to US$1.5 million as their ''Fire Down Below'' failed due to it costing $2.5 million.〔 The high cost of the film plagued by problems with its mercurial star Rita Hayworth led to a temporary strain in their relationship with Columbia Pictures.〔''Euan Lloyd Interview'' ''Cinema Retro'' Magazine〕 At the end of 1957 Warwick ended their arrangement with Columbia.〔Thomas Pryor, 'DISNEY IS SALUTED BY THE PRESIDENT', ''New York Times'' 19 February 1957: 35〕 It was announced that Ladd would make three more films for the company, but he did not appear in another Warwick film. Two of the films were made with other actors, ''The Man Inside'' and ''Killers of Kilimanjaro''.〔Edwin Schallert, 'Alan Ladd Gets Huge England Deal; Hunting Film Stars Prime Trio', ''Los Angeles Times'' 16 September 1957: C11〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Warwick Films」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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